Most circular saw blades need to undergo a heat treatment process whereby the physical properties of the steel are altered to make the material harder and enable the material to withstand the forces generated during cutting. Material is heated to between 860°C and 1100°C, dependant on the type of material, and then rapidly cooled (quenched). This process is known as hardening. After hardening, the saws need to be tempered in packs to reduce the hardness and increase the toughness of the blade. Here blades are clamped in packs and heated slowly to between 350°C and 560°C, dependant on material, and then cooled slowly to ambient temperature.